目前傳感器運用在各大油田開采作業(yè)中，對于在油田開采傳感器的應用，油田開采是指受單一局部構(gòu)造單位所控制的同一面積內(nèi)的油藏、氣藏、油氣藏的總和。如果在這個局部構(gòu)造范圍內(nèi)只有油藏，稱為油田；只有氣藏，稱為氣田。但是油氣聚集的場所一般不是油氣生成的地方，油氣藏是油氣經(jīng)過運移、聚集才形成的。油田開采是油氣現(xiàn)在聚集的場所。石油和天然氣之所以能夠聚集起來，是由于這里受局部構(gòu)造單位控制，形成了各種圈閉。

這類局部構(gòu)造單位可以是穹隆、背斜、單斜、刺穿構(gòu)造等等，在它們所控制的范圍內(nèi)往往伴生多種圈閉，從而形成多種油氣藏。這些受同一局部構(gòu)造單位控制的面積內(nèi)油藏、氣藏的總稱，就是一個油田開采。

如果說油藏是勘探是尋找原料，油田開發(fā)和采油是提供原料那么集氣站的功能是收集氣井的天然氣，對收集的天然氣進行氣液分離處理后，處理后分別對氣液進行計量；分離出的天然氣需進行壓力控制，使之滿足集氣管線的輸送壓力要求。為此集氣站的工藝流程通常為集氣、分離、計量、清管等。

為了提高油田計量的準確性，氣田集氣站都采用氣體流量傳感器來計算油田計量，氣體流量傳感器主要由殼體、前導向架、葉輪、后導向架、壓緊圈和帶放大器的磁電感應轉(zhuǎn)換器等組成,吸取國內(nèi)外先進技術(shù)進行設(shè)計，綜合氣體動力學、流體力學、電磁學等理論而自行研制開發(fā)的新一代高精度、高可靠性的緊密氣體流量傳感器，具有出色的低壓和高壓計量性能，多種信號輸出方式以及對流體擾動的低敏感性，廣泛適用于天然氣、煤制氣、液化氣、輕烴氣等氣體的計量。

氣體流量傳感器工作原理當被測流體流經(jīng)傳感器時，傳感器內(nèi)的葉輪借助于流體的動能而產(chǎn)生旋轉(zhuǎn)，葉輪即周期性地改變磁電感應系統(tǒng)中的磁電阻，使通過線圈的磁通量周期性地發(fā)生變化而產(chǎn)生電脈沖信號，經(jīng)放大器放大后傳送至相應的流量積算儀表，進行流量或總量的測量。

因而對于在油田開采傳感器的應用，目前用的比較多的是氣體流量傳感器。這一傳感器采用微機電系統(tǒng)（MEMS）流量傳感器芯片來制作，適用于各類清潔、干燥氣體。傳感器采用標貼式安裝，使安裝尺寸更加緊湊，可以很容易的實現(xiàn)在小空間內(nèi)的多傳感器集成。

At present, sensors are used in the production of various major oilfields. For the application of sensors in oilfield production, oilfield production refers to the sum of reservoirs, gas reservoirs and oil and gas reservoirs within the same area controlled by a single local structural unit. If there is only a reservoir in this local structure, it is called oil field; only gas reservoir is called gas field. But the place where oil and gas accumulate is generally not the place where oil and gas are generated. Oil and gas reservoirs are formed by migration and accumulation of oil and gas. Oil exploitation is the place where oil and gas are now gathered. The accumulation of oil and gas is due to the formation of various traps controlled by local tectonic units.

This kind of local structural unit can be dome, anticline, monocline, piercing structure, etc. It often accompanies many kinds of traps within the scope of their control, thus forming a variety of oil and gas reservoirs. These oil and gas reservoirs within the same area controlled by the same local structural unit are collectively referred to as an oilfield production.

If the reservoir is to search for raw materials and the oilfield development and production are to provide raw materials, the function of gas gathering station is to collect natural gas from gas wells, and measure gas and liquid separately after gas-liquid separation and treatment. Pressure requirements. For this purpose, the gathering process of gas gathering stations is usually gas gathering, separation, metering and pigging.

In order to improve the accuracy of oil field metering, gas flow sensors are used in gas field gathering stations to calculate oil field metering. Gas flow sensors are mainly composed of shell, front guide frame, impeller, rear guide frame, compression ring and magneto-inductance transducer with amplifier. The advanced technology at home and abroad is adopted to design and synthesize gas. A new generation of high precision and high reliability tight gas flow sensors developed by ourselves on the basis of theories of dynamics, hydrodynamics and electromagnetism have excellent low pressure and high pressure metering performance, various signal output modes and low sensitivity to fluid disturbance. They are widely used in natural gas, coal gas, liquefied petroleum gas and light. Measurement of hydrocarbon gas and other gases.

The working principle of gas flow sensor When the measured fluid flows through the sensor, the impeller in the sensor generates rotation by means of the kinetic energy of the fluid. The impeller periodically changes the magnetoresistance in the magnetic inductive reaction system, so that the magnetic flux through the coil changes periodically and generates electric pulse signal, which is amplified and transmitted by the amplifier. The meter is sent to the corresponding flow integrator to measure the flow or total amount.

Therefore, for the application of sensors in oil field, gas flow sensors are widely used. The sensor is fabricated with a micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) flow sensor chip. It is suitable for all kinds of clean and dry gases. The sensor is mounted in a label mode, which makes the mounting dimension more compact and makes it easy to realize multi-sensor integration in a small space.